Fundamentals of Natural Sciences and Sustainable Development
BASIC DATA
course listing
A - main register
course code
YFX0060
course title in Estonian
Loodusteaduste alused ja säästlik areng
course title in English
Fundamentals of Natural Sciences and Sustainable Development
course volume CP
4.00
ECTS credits
6.00
to be declared
yes
fully online course
not
assessment form
Examination
teaching semester
autumn - spring
language of instruction
Estonian
English
Study programmes that contain the course
code of the study programme version
course compulsory
EAAB16/25
no
EATI02/25
no
IABB17/25
no
IACB17/25
yes
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Structural units teaching the course
LT - Department of Cybernetics
Course description link
Timetable link
View the timetable
Version:
VERSION SPECIFIC DATA
course aims in Estonian
Anda ülevaade elus ja eluta looduse toimimisest ja keskkonnakaitsest lihtsastimõistetavas vormis ning õpetada rakendama füüsikateadmisi igapäevaolukordades, sh keskkonnateadlike lahenduste leidmiseks. Kursuses keskendutakse teooriate sisulisele küljele ja kasutatakse matemaatilist formalismi nii vähe kui võimalik. Õpitava materjali sügavamaks omandamiseks viiakse loengutes läbi demonstratsioonkatseid.
course aims in English
To give a systematic overview of the fundamentals of natural sciences in an easily understandable form, to develop skills of using the teachings of natural sciences in everyday life, including for finding environmentally friendly solutions. The course focuses on the basic ideas, mathematical calculations are kept as simple and short as possible. Theoretical material is illustrated by appropriate experimental demonstrations.
learning outcomes in the course in Est.
1. Üliõpilane saab aru elus ja eluta looduse toimimise põhilistest seadustest, teaduslikest mudelitest ja nende rakendatavuse piiridest.
2. Üliõpilane tunneb säästva arengu ja keskkonnakaitse alaseid põhimõisteid, peamisi keskkonnaprobleeme, nende põhjuseid, tagajärgi ja ennetamise võimalusi ning oskab oma erialases tegevuses nendega arvestada.
learning outcomes in the course in Eng.
1. Student understands the basic laws of nature, scientific models, and the applicability limits of these.
2. Student understands the main terms and concepts of sustainable development and environmental protection, as well as the main environmental problems. He/she also understands the causes, consequences, and prevention methods of main environmental problems and knows how to handle these problems in his/her professional activities.
brief description of the course in Estonian
Aeg ja ruum. Elementaarosakesed ja fundamentaalsed vastastikmõjud (gravitatsiooniline, elektromagnetiline, tugev ja nõrk vastastikmõju). Mõõtühikutesüsteemid ja fundamentaalkonstandid: SI ja Gaussi süsteemid, Planck’i skaala, antroopsusprintsiip.
Aine ehitus: tuumad, aatomid, molekulid, gaas, plasma, vedelik, tahkis. Universumi teke (Suur Pauk, paisumine) ja struktuur (planeedid, tähed, galaktikad, tumeaine jms). Sümmeetria ja jäävusseadused ning sümmeetria spontaanne rikkumine. Energia jäävus kui keskset rolli mängiv jäävusseadus.
Newtoni mehaanika. Elektromagnetism, alalis- ja vahelduvvool, elektrienergia tekitamine, akumuleerimine ja tarbimine . Keskkonnasäästlikud elektrilahendused kodumajapidamisse. Keskkonnasäästlik energeetika ja majanduse säästlik areng.
Kvantmehaanika alused, interpretatsioonid ja teadusfilosoofiline tähtsus; fotoefekt ja fotosüntees. Nanotehnoloogia säästliku arengu teenistuses ja nanotehnoloogia ökoloogilised ohud.
Soojusnähtused: soojusliikumine, temperatuur ja termodünaamika I ning II seadus. Entroopia ja selle kasv ning seos informatsiooniga. Adiabaatiline protsess, soojusmasin ja selle kasutegur, külmik ja soojuspump. Soojuskiirgus ja kasvuhoone efekt. Energiasäästlikud ehitusmaterjalid ja seadmed passiivmajas. Atmosfääriringlus kui soojusmasin; globaalne soojenemine.
Iseorganiseerumine mitte-tasakaalulistes süsteemides; elu teke. Elu keemilised alused sh nukleiinhapped ja valgud. Genoom, pärilikkus ja evolutsioon; geneetiline distants ja evolutsioonipuu. Iseorganiseerumine ühiskonnas ja majanduses: Pareto-Zipfi seadus ja mastaabivabad võrgustikud. Väärtpaberiturud, efektiivse turu hüpotees, uitliikumise mudel, korrelatsioonid ja aktsiaportfelli tasakaalustamine, juhumuutlikkus ja börsikrahhid.
brief description of the course in English
Space and time. Elementary particles and fundamental interactions (gravitational, electromagnetic, strong, and weak). Metric systems of physical units: SI and Gaussian units, Planck’s scale, anthropic principle.
Structure of matter: nuclei, atoms, molecules, gas, plasma, liquids, solids. The beginning of Universe (Big Bang, expansion), and its structure (planets, stars, galaxies, dark matter, etc). Symmetries and conservation laws and spontaneous braking of symmetries. Energy conservation as the central conservation law.
Newtonian mechanics. Electromagnetism, DC and AC circuits, creation, accumulation and consumption of electrical energy. Environmentally friendly electric solutions for home. Environmentally friendly energetics and sustainable development of economy. Fundamentals of quantum mechanics, different interpretations and philosophical importance of quantum mechanics. Nanotechnology in the service of sustainable development and the ecological risks associated with nanotechnologies. Heat, thermal motion, temperature, 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics. Entropy, its growth and relevance in information theory. Adiabatic process, heat engine and its efficiency, fridge and heat pump. Heat radiation and greenhouse effect. Building materials and devices for passive houses. Atmospheric circulation as heat engine, global warming.
Self-organization in systems out of equilibrium; origin of life. Chemistry of life, incl. nucleic acids and proteins. Genome, heredity and evolution; genetic distance and evolutionary tree. Self-organization in society and economy: Pareto-Zipf’s law, scale-free networks. Securities, efficient-market hypothesis, the model of random walk, correlations and portfolio balancing, intermittency and market crashes.
type of assessment in Estonian
Eksam - eristav hindamine
type of assessment in English
Exam
independent study in Estonian
Ülesannete lahendamine. Õppekirjanduse lugemine.
independent study in English
Solving problems. Independent reading of the textbook of physics.
study literature
1. D. Halliday, R. Resnick, J. Walker. Füüsika põhikursus: õpik kõrgkoolile. 1. köide. Tartu: Eesti Füüsika Selts, 2011.
2. D. Halliday, R. Resnick, J. Walker. Füüsika põhikursus: õpik kõrgkoolile. 2. köide. Tartu: Eesti Füüsika Selts, 2012.
study forms and load
daytime study: weekly hours
4.0
session-based study work load (in a semester):
lectures
2.0
lectures
-
practices
0.0
practices
-
exercises
2.0
exercises
-
lecturer in charge
-
LECTURER SYLLABUS INFO
semester of studies
teaching lecturer / unit
language of instruction
Extended syllabus
2025/2026 spring
Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
Estonian
    display more
    2025/2026 autumn
    Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
    Estonian
      2024/2025 spring
      Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
      Estonian
        2024/2025 autumn
        Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
        Estonian
          2023/2024 spring
          Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
          Estonian
            2023/2024 autumn
            Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
            Estonian
              2022/2023 spring
              Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
              Estonian
                2022/2023 autumn
                Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                Estonian
                  2021/2022 spring
                  Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                  Estonian
                    YFX0060 Fundamentals of natural sciences and sustainable Methods of evaluation.pdf 
                    2021/2022 autumn
                    Kadri Veende, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                    Estonian
                      YFX0060 Fundamentals of natural sciences and sustainable Methods of evaluation.pdf 
                      Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                      Estonian
                        YFX0060 Fundamentals of natural sciences and sustainable Methods of evaluation.pdf 
                        2020/2021 spring
                        Kadri Veende, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                        Estonian
                          YFX0060 Fundamentals of natural sciences and sustainable Methods of evaluation.pdf 
                          Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                          Estonian
                            YFX0060 Fundamentals of natural sciences and sustainable Methods of evaluation.pdf 
                            2020/2021 autumn
                            Kadri Veende, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                            Estonian
                              YFX0060 Fundamentals of natural sciences and sustainable Methods of evaluation.pdf 
                              Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                              Estonian
                                YFX0060 Fundamentals of natural sciences and sustainable Methods of evaluation.pdf 
                                2019/2020 spring
                                Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                                Estonian
                                  YFX0060 Fundamentals of natural sciences and sustainable Methods of evaluation.pdf 
                                  2019/2020 autumn
                                  Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                                  Estonian
                                    YFX0060 Fundamentals of natural sciences and sustainable Methods of evaluation.pdf 
                                    2018/2019 spring
                                    Tanel Mullari, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                                    Estonian
                                      YFX0060 Fundamentals of natural sciences and sustainable Methods of evaluation.pdf 
                                      2018/2019 autumn
                                      Kadri Veende, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                                      Estonian
                                        YFX0060 Fundamentals of natural sciences and sustainable Methods of evaluation.pdf 
                                        2017/2018 spring
                                        Kadri Veende, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                                        Estonian
                                          YFX0060 Fundamentals of natural sciences and sustainable Methods of evaluation.pdf 
                                          2017/2018 autumn
                                          Jaan Kalda, LT - Department of Cybernetics
                                          Estonian
                                            YFX0060 Fundamentals of natural sciences and sustainable Methods of evaluation.pdf 
                                            Course description in Estonian
                                            Course description in English