Tutvustada jätkusuutliku energeetika materjalide ja protsesside loomise ja toimimise põhialuseid. Anda üliõpilastele teadmisi materjaliteaduse põhialustest.

To familiarize students with fundamentals of creation and action of materials and processes of sustainable energetics. To provide students with knowledge of fundamentals of materials science.

Üliõpilane teab jätkusuutliku energeetika materjalide ja protsesside loomise ja toimimise põhialuseid. Üliõpilane tunneb materjaliteaduse põhialuseid.

Students are aware of fundamentals of creation and action of sustainable energetics materials and processes. Students have acquired fundamentals of materials science.

Aine ja materjal. Materjalide klassifikatsioon: metallid, keraamika, komposiidid, polümeerid, pooljuhid. Koosmõju materjali koostise, struktuuri ja omaduste vahel. Aine ehitus tahkes olekus. Tähtsamad kristallvõre tüübid. Osakeste pakketihedus. Kristallograafilised tasapinnad ja suunad kuubilises ning heksagonaalses kristallvõres. Reaalsed kristallid, kristallvõre defektid. Materjalide kristallisatsioon. Monokristalsed, polükristalsed ja amorfsed materjalid. Aatomdifusioon kristallides. Metallide ja sulamite faasidiagrammid ning sulamite mikrostruktuur. Materjalide omaduste muutumine tehnoloogilistes protsessides. Keraamilised materjalid, nende faasidiagrammid. Komposiitmaterjalid. Materjalide mehaanilised omadused. Materjalide elektrilised omadused, tsooniteooria alused. Juhid, pooljuhid ja isolaatorid. Materjalide optilised omadused. Valguse murdumine, peegeldumine ja neeldumine erinevates materjalides. Materjalide värvus. Materjalide magnetomadused. Materjalide soojuslikud omadused. Kristallide kasvatamine. Monokristallid. Õhukesed kiled.

Materials science and engineering. Trends in materials usage.
Electronic structure of atoms. Ionic, covalent and metallic bonding. Secondary and mixed bonding.
Space Lattice and Unit Cells. Crystal Systems and Bravais Lattices. Crystal Structures of Metals.Atom positions, directions and Miller indices in cubic unit cells. Crystallographic planes and directions in hexagonal unit cells. Comparison of FCC, HCP, and BCC crystal structures. Allotropy. Isotropy.
Types of defects. Point defects. Linear defects. Surface defects. Phonons. Impurities. Atomic diffusion in solids. Mechanisms of diffusion. Effect of temperature on diffusion in solids.
Phase diagrams of pure substances. Gibbs phase rule. Binary alloy systems. The lever rule. Binary eutectic and peritectic systems. Solidification of materials.
Electrical properties. Electronic and ionic conductivity. Electrical conduction of metals and isolators. Energy-band theory. Influence of temperature to the conductivity of materials. Carriers mobility. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
Electromagnetic spectrum. Absorption, transmission, scattering and reflection of light. Pecularities of optical properties of materials of different classes: metals, isolators, semiconductors.
Magnetic properties. Types of magnetism. Soft and hard magnetic materials. Ferrites.
Basic of crystal growth. Nucleation. Solidification. Monocrystals. Thin films.

Kirjalik eksam, sisaldab teoreetilise osa ja arvutusülesanded.
Eksamieelduseks on õppeaines ettenähtud harjutusülesannete lahendamine, esitamine ja nende kaitsmine.

Written exam, theoretical part and simulation exercises included.
As the assumption for participation in the exam, the homework (exercises/presentation) has to be presented and defended.

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1. Loengukonspekt
2. W. D. Callister. Materials Science and Engineering. J. Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3. D. R. Askeland. The science and engineering of materials. Sixth edition. Cengage learning 2010.

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